As a lot of issues surrounding the collection of data (GDPR infringements, discrimination induced by AI) have arisen, Dominique Rouziès and Michael Segalla, both professors at HEC Paris Business School, detail in an op-ed published in Harvard Business Review five critical issues managers need to focus on in order to make the use of data safer: the provenance of the data, the purpose for which it will be used, how it is to be protected, how the privacy of the data providers can be ensured, and how the data is prepared for use.